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Generalized reciprocity in rats

Empirical evidence from rats supports the theory of generalized reciprocity, in which individuals are more likely to cooperate with an unknown individual if they have received help in the past.

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Keywords: generalized, reciprocity, rats, rat

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1. Using fMRI to study brain development
   11-30-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Using fMRI to study early brain development requires learning more about the fMRI signal in the developing brain. MIT neuroscientists studying rats found the signal changes during first few weeks of life in relation to actual brain activity. Correcting for those changes, the researchers could monitor the development of the rat brain. The findings also identified a key player in the age-related changes in neurovascular coupling that gives rise to the BOLD signal.
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2. Jefferson neuroscientists find early lead exposure impedes recovery from brain injury
   12-03-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Exposure to lead can hinder the brain's ability to recover from injury, a recent study shows. Researchers compared the ability to recover from a brain injury in two groups of young rats. One group was fed a diet supplemented with lead, while the other had a normal diet. Each rat was then given a small stroke that affected a hind limb. The lead-exposed animals recovered much more poorly after a brief period of time.
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3. New technique holds promise for reducing back surgery failure
   01-25-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Researchers believe that they have discovered how to prevent many cases of the most common problem encountered by patients undergoing spine surgery: failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). In laboratory-rat experiments, neuroscientists applied the local anesthetic Lidocaine to the animals' exposed spinal cords before subjecting the rats to simulated spinal surgery. They found the procedure prevented both the release of chemicals associated with FBSS and behavior typical of animals experiencing FBSS-caused pain.
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4. Human stem cell transplants mature into neurons and make contacts in rat spinal cord
   02-13-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Human nerve stem cells transplanted into rats' damaged spinal cords have survived, grown and in some cases connected with the rats' own spinal cord cells in a Johns Hopkins laboratory, overturning the long-held notion that spinal cords won't allow nerve repair.
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5. Globetrotting black rat genes reveal spread of humans and diseases
   02-01-2008 · EurekAlert!
   DNA of the common black rat has shed light on the ancient spread of rats, people and diseases around the globe. Studying the mitochondrial DNA of 165 black rat specimens from 32 countries around the world, an international team of scientists has identified six distinct lineages in the black rat's family tree, each originating from a different part of Asia.
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6. Stanford researchers track human stem cells transplanted into rat brain
   06-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have illuminated the path taken by human neural stem cells that were transplanted into the brains of rats and mice, and found that the cells successfully navigate toward areas damaged by stroke.
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7. Spice It Up: Naked mole-rats feel no pain from peppers, acid
   02-02-2008 · Science News Online
   The African naked mole-rat doesn't feel pain from acid or chilies, a possible adaptation to its cramped underground habitat.
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8. Obesity may be wired in the brain, rat study suggests
   02-05-2008 · EurekAlert!
   A predisposition for obesity might be wired into the brain from the start, suggests a new study of rats in the February issue of Cell Metabolism, a publication of Cell Press.
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9. Stressed-out African naked mole-rats may provide clues about human infertility
   07-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Naked mole-rats could shed light on stress-related infertility in humans, the 23rd annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology will hear.Dr Chris Faulkes, a senior lecturer at the School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, will tell the conference that the African naked mole-rat is at the extreme end of a continuum of socially-induced reproductive suppression among mammals.
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10. Scientists from Europe, Israel and the US develop robotic rats to aid in rescue missions
    02-11-2008 · EurekAlert!
    Based on principles of active sensing adopted widely in the animal kingdom, a multinational team of scientists is developing innovative touch technologies, including a "whiskered" robotic rat. The international consortium is investigating the ways in which rats use their bristly whiskers to explore their environment, and how the brain processes such information. The whiskered robot will hopefully aid in rescue missions, search missions under conditions of restricted visibility, as well as in planetary research
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