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Neutral evolution has helped shape our genome
07-09-2007 · EurekAlert!Johns Hopkins researchers have demonstrated that one of the major architectural markers of the human genome, DNA repeat elements that make up over 40 percent of our genome, rose to prominence without offering any benefits to the organism it inhabits.
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Keywords: neutral, evolution, helped, shape, genome
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- Evolution of human genome's 'guardian' gives people unique protections from DNA damage
01-16-2008 · EurekAlert!
Evolution has given humans unique protections through the p53 regulatory network -- so-called guardian of the genome -- against DNA damage that could cause cancer or genetic diseases, according to a study led by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center in the Jan. 22 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Rodents do not have these same protections, creating the need for additional considerations when interpreting studies in rodent models.
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- In matters of sex and death, men are an essential part of the equation
08-28-2007 · EurekAlert!
In a paper, to appear in the August 29 issue of the online, open-access journal PLoS ONE, Stanford scientists show that the standard practice of tracking only female life histories leads to mistaken conclusions about the forces that shape human evolution. The reason is that men's and women's age patterns of fertility differ in important ways.
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- WUSTL researchers spearhead key genome initiative
12-13-2007 · EurekAlert!
The complete genome of a moss has been sequenced, providing scientists an important evolutionary link between single-celled algae and flowering plants, suggests a study published in the journal Science. A major landmark in understanding how plants originated, the moss genome sequencing offers insight into the conquest of land by plants and sheds light on the evolution of the plant kingdom, says study co-author Ralph S. Quatrano, a biology professor at Washington University in St. Louis.
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- Bali bomb lessons helped shape Australia's mental health response to terrorism and trauma
05-17-2007 · EurekAlert!
Victims of terrorist incidents can suffer profound mental health issues, but priority is often given to treating their physical wounds in the critical days after the incident. Lessons learnt from the 2002 Bali bombings meant that health professionals treating the 2005 Bali bomb victims were able to coordinate mental and physical healthcare more effectively.
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- Fossils older than dinosaurs reveal pattern of early animal evolution on Earth
07-26-2007 · EurekAlert!
The abundant diversity of characteristics within species likely helped fuel the proliferation and evolution of an odd-looking creature that emerged from an unprecedented explosion of life on Earth more than 500 million years ago. University of Chicago paleontologist Mark Webster reports this finding in the July 27 issue of the journal Science.
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- Beyond a 'speed limit' on mutations, species risk extinction
10-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
Harvard University scientists have identified a virtual "speed limit" on the rate of molecular evolution in organisms, and the magic number appears to be six mutations per genome per generation -- a level beyond which species run the strong risk of extinction as their genomes lose stability.
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- Researchers Find Smallest Cellular Genome
10-14-2006 · ScienceDaily
The smallest collection of genes ever found for a cellular organism comes from tiny symbiotic bacteria that live inside special cells inside a small insect. Just 182 genes, the 160-kilobase genome could revise ideas about what's needed for a cell to work. The finding also provides new insight into bacterial evolution.
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- Third primate genome, the rhesus macaque, helps illuminate what makes us human
04-12-2007 · EurekAlert!
Researchers have sequenced the genome of the relatively ancient rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), providing perspective into how humans are genetically different from our primate relatives. In addition to benefiting human health research in areas as diverse as HIV and aging, the genome enhances understanding of primate evolution. The macaque genome research appears in the April 13 issue of Science published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society.
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- One species' entire genome discovered inside another's
08-30-2007 · EurekAlert!
Scientists at the University of Rochester and the J. Craig Venter Institute have discovered a copy of the entire genome of a bacterial parasite residing inside the genome of its host species.The finding, reported in today's Science, suggests that lateral gene transfer -- the movement of genes between unrelated species -- may happen much more frequently between bacteria and multicellular organisms than scientists previously believed, posing dramatic implications for evolution.
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- UF researchers devise way to calculate rates of evolution
10-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
Writing online this week in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters, Florida and California scientists link the evolution of proteins -- the organic compounds that determine the structure and function of living things -- to a species' metabolic rate. The findings suggest neutral processes independent of natural selection are also important in governing evolution.
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