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The Long Road to Beta Cells
12-15-2007 · Science News OnlineIn their quest to cure type 1 diabetes, scientists are finding that turning stem cells into insulin-producing beta cells is a lot harder than it first appeared.
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Keywords: road, beta, cells, cell
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- Elusive pancreatic progenitor cells found in mice
01-25-2008 · EurekAlert!
Researchers in Belgium have significantly advanced the discovery of a pancreatic progenitor cell with the capacity to generate new insulin-producing beta cells. If the finding made in mice holds for humans, the newfound progenitor cells may represent "an obvious target for therapeutic regeneration of beta cells in diabetes," the researchers report in the Jan. 25 issue of the research journal Cell, a publication of Cell Press.
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- Teamwork between 2 key proteins necessary for normal development and regulation of red blood cells
08-06-2007 · EurekAlert!
Virginia Commonwealth University researchers studying hemoglobin genes, mutations of which play a role in genetic blood disorders like sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia, have identified two proteins that are responsible for regulating overlapping groups of genes during the development of red blood cells.
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- Common anesthetic may induce cell death, generation of Alzheimer's-associated protein
02-06-2007 · EurekAlert!
A new study has found how one of the most commonly used anesthetics may produce Alzheimer's-like changes in the brain. Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital and colleagues describe the mechanism by which the anesthetic isoflurane may induce both the cell-death process known as apoptosis and the generation of amyloid-beta protein in cultured neural cells.
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- Immunosuppressive drugs are a double-edged sword to type 1 diabetics
09-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
Type 1 diabetes occurs when immune cells destroy pancreatic insulin producing beta-cells. It was hoped that islet transplantation would provide a cure for the disease, however, transplant success is short-lived and accompanied by significant side effects. New data indicate that the immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent islet transplant rejection suppress beta-cell regeneration in diabetic mice, raising the possibility that identifying immunosuppressive drugs that do not inhibit beta-cell regeneration might lead to successful regenerative islet transplantation.
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- Scientists overcome obstacles to stem cell heart repair
12-12-2007 · EurekAlert!
Scientists have overcome two significant obstacles on the road to harnessing stem cells to build patches for damaged hearts. Presenting the research at a UK Stem Cell Initiative conference the researchers will explain how they have made significant progress in maturing beating heart cells derived from embryonic stem cells and in developing the physical scaffolding that would be needed to hold the patch in place in the heart in any future clinical application.
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- Glucose levels trigger compensation for type 2 diabetics
01-02-2007 · EurekAlert!
Many individuals with type 2 diabetes are diabetic because their body no longer responds to the hormone insulin. Before they become clinically diabetic their body tries to compensate for the lack of insulin responsiveness by increasing the mass of insulin-secreting cells (beta cells) in the pancreas. A new study shows that in mice with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, changes in glucose concentration are likely to be the main trigger of increased beta-cell mass.
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- Insights into cell movement likely to aid immune study, cancer research
01-07-2008 · EurekAlert!
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have used yeast cells to better understand a collection of proteins associated with the formation of actin networks, which are essential to cell movement. The cell's ability to move is important to a broad range of biomedical concerns, including understanding how immune system cells pursue disease-causing invaders and how metastasizing cancer cells migrate from a tumor.
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- Alzheimer's molecule is a smart speed bump on the nerve-cell transport highway
01-17-2008 · EurekAlert!
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that proteins carrying chemical cargo in nerve cells react differently when exposed to the tau protein, which plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease.
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- Building stronger bones, 1 stem cell at a time
01-24-2008 · EurekAlert!
Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of giving rise to various cell types through a process known as differentiation. A new study has determined that the anti-tumor drug bortezomib targets MSCs and leads to bone cell-specific differentiation. These data led the authors to suggest that Bzb might be a novel therapy for bone loss in individuals with osteoporosis and those with cancers accompanied by severe bone disease, such as myeloma.
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- Key Function Of Nervous System Enzyme Found; Impact On Drug Development Against Alzheimer's
09-29-2006 · ScienceDaily
Ever since scientists first elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology and loss of nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease, drug companies have been working to develop drugs which will inhibit the outbreak of this severe form of dementia. Now researchers in Munich and Berlin (Germany) have discovered that an enyzme which has a central causal role in Alzheimer's disease happens also to have a key function in the normal development of the nervous system. This enzyme, beta-secretase or BACE1, ensures that nerve fibers (axons) are adequately isolated with sheaths of myelin, enabling rapid conduction of electrical impulses, as well as preventing short-circuits, akin to plastic insulation on electrical wires.
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