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Personalized medicine can cut breast cancer risk

The time has come for breast cancer risk assessment, counseling and genetic testing to move from cancer specialists to the realm of primary care. A growing body of evidence has documented the benefits of preventive measures for high-risk women including those with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Referral for cancer-risk assessment and BRCA testing in the primary care setting is a necessary step towards personalized medicine for women at risk.

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Keywords: personalized, medicine, cut, breast, cancer, risk

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1. Higher physical activity associated with reduced risk of breast cancer
   12-11-2006 · EurekAlert!
   Women with higher levels of physical activity may have a reduced risk of breast cancer after menopause, according to a report in the December 11/25 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. The association appears to be stronger for estrogen receptor positive/progesterone receptor negative tumors (which are typically more aggressive) than for other types of breast cancer tumors.
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2. Reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors when discontinuing hormone replacement therapy
   05-15-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can reduce many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, but many women have stopped using HRT due to reports that HRT may increase the risk of breast cancer and heart disease. In a study published in the June issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health examined whether the increased CVD risk from stopping HRT could be minimized by lifestyle change intervention.
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3. Neither abortion nor miscarriage associated with breast cancer risk
   04-23-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Neither induced abortion nor spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) appears to be associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, according to a report in the April 23 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
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4. Putting risk in perspective: Do people make better decisions when they understand average risk?
   12-13-2007 · EurekAlert!
   If there were a pill that would cut your risk of breast cancer in half, would you take it? What if you were told your risk of breast cancer was already below average? In a newly published survey, women who were told their risk of breast cancer was above average were more likely to endorse taking the hypothetical pill than women who were told their risk was below average.
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5. Overweight young women have reduced risk of developing breast cancer before menopause
   11-27-2006 · EurekAlert!
   A higher body mass index (BMI), especially in early adulthood, may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer before menopause, according to an article in the November 27 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. This association does not appear to be related to ovulation problems that overweight women may develop.
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6. Herceptin does not increase heart failure in patients long-term
   06-03-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Risk of congestive heart failure in women treated with trastuzumab and combination chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer did not increase over time according to a five-year follow-up of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial B-31 led by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Based on the findings, the research team developed a prediction model to help oncologists assess the risk of heart failure in individual breast cancer patients prior to treatment with Herceptin and chemotherapy.
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7. Does too much protein in the diet increase cancer risk?
   12-07-2006 · EurekAlert!
   A great deal of research connects nutrition with cancer risk. Overweight people are at higher risk of developing post-menopausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer and a certain type of esophageal cancer. Now preliminary findings from researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggest that eating less protein may help protect against certain cancers that are not directly associated with obesity.
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8. Strenuous physical activity associated with lower breast cancer risk
   02-26-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Women who regularly engage in strenuous physical activity may have a lower risk of developing both invasive breast cancer and in situ (early-stage) breast cancer than women who do not, according to a report in the Feb. 26 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
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9. Radiation therapy reduces cancer recurrence in older breast cancer patients
   01-22-2007 · EurekAlert!
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10. Breast cancer survival rates improved by novel drug sequence, say researchers
    02-12-2007 · EurekAlert!
    Changing the way women are treated for breast cancer could improve their overall chance of survival, according to research published today in the Lancet. The new paper shows that switching to a drug called exemestane, two to three years after commencing standard therapy with the drug tamoxifen, can cut the risk of death for certain women by a further 17 percent compared with using tamoxifen alone.
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