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From stem cells to organs: The bioengineering challenge

For more than a decade, Peter Zandstra has been working at the University of Toronto to rev up the production of stem cells and their descendants. The raw materials are adult blood stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The end products are blood and heart cells -- lots of them. Enough mouse heart cells that they form beating tissue.

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Keywords: stem, cells, organs, bioengineering, challenge, cell, organ

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1. Stem cell identity in culture may strongly depend on the cellular microenvironment
   04-24-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Identification, isolation and large scale culture of stem cells for potential medical applications is a major challenge in cell biology. In an upcoming PLoS ONE paper, researchers, including Andras Paldi, in Genethon (Evry, France) report, on the basis of experimental observations and computer simulations, that the stem cell identity in culture may strongly depend on the cellular microenvironment.
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2. Type of stem cell found to reside in transplanted lungs
   03-08-2007 · EurekAlert!
   A new study involving a type of stem cells from the lungs of transplant patients demonstrates for the first time that these progenitor cells reside in adult organs and are not derived from bone marrow, which leads to the possibility that the cells may be able to help with the rejection of donated organs and with various kinds of lung disease.
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3. Advance helps explain stem cell behavior
   11-20-2006 · EurekAlert!
   Biochemists at Oregon State University have developed a new method to identify the "DNA-binding transcription factors" that help steer stem cells into forming the wide variety of cells that ultimately make up all the organs and parts of a living vertebrate animal. The research is an important step towards understanding stem cell behavior and how cellular development is controlled.
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4. Forsyth scientists gain new understanding of adult stem cell regulation
   08-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Forsyth Institute scientists have discovered an important mechanism for controlling the behavior of adult stem cells. Research with the flatworm, planaria, found a novel role for the proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication. This work has the potential to help scientists understand the nature of the messages that control stem cell regulation -- such as the message that maintain and tells a stem cell to specialize and to become part of an organ (e.g., liver or skin).
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5. Signaling for cartilage
   11-27-2006 · EurekAlert!
   Skeletal progenitor cells differentiate into cartilage cells when one master gene actually suppresses the action of another. Skeletons are made of bone and cartilage cells that are differentiated from the same multipotent stem cell, which gives rise to bone, cartilage, fat and fibroblasts.
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6. There goes the neighborhood: Vascular niche nurtures brain tumor stem cells
   01-16-2007 · EurekAlert!
   New research published in the January 2007 issue of the journal Cancer Cell, published by Cell Press, reveals that small blood vessels associated with brain tumors orchestrate a distinct microenvironment that is critical for maintaining cancer stem cells (CSCs). Importantly, antiangiogenic drugs that disrupt this microenvironment reduce the CSC population and arrest tumor growth.
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7. Stem cells determine their daughters' fate
   02-15-2007 · EurekAlert!
   From roundworm to human, most cells in an animal's body ultimately come from stem cells. When one of these versatile, unspecialized cells divides, the resulting "daughter" cell receives instructions to differentiate into a specific cell type. In some cases this signal comes from other cells. But now, for the first time, researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Embryology have found a type of stem cell that directly determines the fate of its daughters.
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8. Neuroscientist comments on stem cell study's success in helping primates with Parkinson's
   07-10-2007 · EurekAlert!
   A University of South Florida neuroscientist reports that the cutting-edge research study of human stem cells in primates with Parkinson's disease is compelling on several fronts -- particularly how the transplanted cells did their job of easing disease symptoms.
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9. Effects of aging in stem cells
   07-23-2007 · EurekAlert!
   In highly purified hematopoietic stem cells from mice aged 2 to 21 months, gene expression analysis indicates a deficit in function, yet an increase in stem cell number with advancing age.
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10. Brain stem cells limited for replacement therapies
    11-30-2007 · Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
    MIT scientists report that adult stem cells produced in the brain are preprogrammed to make only certain kinds of connections--making it impossible for a neural stem cell originating in the brain to be transplanted to other regions.
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