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Night of the living enzyme
11-28-2006 · EurekAlert!Inactive enzymes entombed in tiny honeycomb-shaped holes in silica -- nano-chambers that mimic conditions in living cells -- can spring to life, scientists discovered while attempting salvaging enzymes that had been in a refrigerator long past their expiration date. The finding opens up new possibilities for exploiting these enzyme traps in food processing, decontamination, biosensor design and any other pursuit that requires controlling catalysts and sustaining their activity.
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- Prenatal stress keeps infants, toddlers up at night, study says
07-27-2007 · EurekAlert!
Anxious or depressed mothers-to-be are at increased risk of having children who will experience sleep problems in infancy and toddlerhood, finds a study that published this month in Early Human Development. The study tracked 14,000 pregnant women (and an index child) living in Avon, England and found that women classified as "mood disturbed" during their pregnancies were 40 percent more likely to have a child with significant trouble sleeping.
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- Frequent hemodialysis at night may improve some outcomes for patients with end-stage kidney disease
09-18-2007 · EurekAlert!
Patients who received hemodialysis at night six times a week for treatment of end-stage kidney disease had improvements on certain outcomes, including reduced need for blood pressure medications and improvement in selected quality of life measures, compared to patients who received conventional hemodialysis three times weekly, according to an article in the Sept. 19 issue of JAMA.
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- Bioclocks work by controlling chromosome coiling
11-21-2007 · EurekAlert!
A new study provides direct evidence that biological clocks can influence the activity of a large number of different genes in an ingenious fashion, simply by causing chromosomes to coil more tightly during the day and to relax at night.
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- Key Function Of Nervous System Enzyme Found; Impact On Drug Development Against Alzheimer's
09-29-2006 · ScienceDaily
Ever since scientists first elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology and loss of nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease, drug companies have been working to develop drugs which will inhibit the outbreak of this severe form of dementia. Now researchers in Munich and Berlin (Germany) have discovered that an enyzme which has a central causal role in Alzheimer's disease happens also to have a key function in the normal development of the nervous system. This enzyme, beta-secretase or BACE1, ensures that nerve fibers (axons) are adequately isolated with sheaths of myelin, enabling rapid conduction of electrical impulses, as well as preventing short-circuits, akin to plastic insulation on electrical wires.
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- Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity
11-30-2006 · EurekAlert!
Last month, Roger Kornberg of Stanford University won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his efforts to unravel the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription, in which enzymes give "voice" to DNA by copying it into the RNA molecules that serve as templates for protein in organisms from yeast to humans.
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- Chemical switch triggers critical cell activities
01-16-2007 · EurekAlert!
The freeze-frame image of a molecular relay race, in which one enzyme passes off a protein like a baton to another enzyme, has solved a key mystery to how cells control some vital functions, according to investigators at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. A report on this work appears in the January 14 advanced online publication issue of Nature.
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- New Success in Engineering Plant Oils
03-05-2007 · Brookhaven National Laboratory
Using genetic manipulation to modify the activity of a plant enzyme, researchers at Brookhaven have converted an unsaturated oil in the seeds of a temperate plant to the more saturated kind usually found in tropical plants. The research will be published online by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) the week of March 5, 2007.
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- Salk scientists hammer out a pathway that promotes muscle cell survival in mice
04-29-2007 · EurekAlert!
Scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have identified an enzyme that pumps up a cell's ability to maintain healthy muscle and restores normal muscle function in genetically engineered mice with weak muscles. The study, published online in Nature Medicine, is the first to explore the part this enzyme plays in a cascade of events triggered by exercise-induced hormones and other signals.
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- Alzheimer's enzyme acts as a tumor suppressor
06-07-2007 · EurekAlert!
Researchers at Burnham Institute for Medical Research ("Burnham") have provided the first evidence that gamma-secretase, an enzyme key to the progression of Alzheimer's, acts as a tumor suppressor by altering the pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a potential treatment target for cancer. Expedited to publication online by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, these findings reveal a limitation of targeting gamma-secretase for treatment of Alzheimer's and potentially other diseases.
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- Hepatitis C helicase unwinds DNA in a spring-loaded, 3-step process
07-26-2007 · EurekAlert!
The process by which genes are duplicated is mysterious and complex, involving a cast of characters with diverse talents and the ability to play well with others in extremely close quarters. A key player on this stage is an enzyme called a helicase. Its job is to unwind DNA or RNA so that another enzyme, a polymerase, can faithfully copy each nucleotide in the genetic code.A study to appear in Science sheds new light on how the hepatitis C helicase plays this role.
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