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Guide to promoting integrity in scientific journals published by the Council of Science Editors

12-07-2006 · EurekAlert!

CSE's White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications was created as a resource to acquaint new editors with the scope of their duties and as an aid for all editors who are establishing and benchmarking their journals’ policies and procedures.

Keywords: guide, promoting, integrity, scientific, journals, published, council, science, editors, journal, editor

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200 journals join in theme issues on poverty and human development
10-22-2007 · EurekAlert!
Through an international collaboration, more than 200 medical and scientific journals are publishing theme issues this week on the relationship between poverty and human development. The initiative, coordinated by the Council of Science Editors, includes presentations on seven of the journal articles which will be Web cast live from the National Institutes of Health on Monday, Oct. 22, 2007. Two of the selected papers are by Harvard School of Public Health researchers.
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New studies on goats' milk show it is more beneficial to health than cows' milk
07-30-2007 · EurekAlert!
It helps to prevent diseases such as anemia and bone demineralization. UGR researchers have carried out a comparative study on the properties of goats' milk compared to those of cows’ milk. Rats with induced nutritional ferropenic anemia have been used in the study. Goats' milk helps digestive and metabolic utilization of minerals such as iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Part of the results of this research have been published in the prestigious scientific journals International Dairy Journal and Journal Dairy Science.
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Journals collaborate to increase awareness of worldwide problems of poverty and human development
10-22-2007 · EurekAlert!
More than 200 medical and scientific journals from 34 developing and developed countries are simultaneously publishing articles on poverty and human development to raise awareness and disseminate research about this critically important global topic, according to two editorials in the Oct. 24/31 issue of JAMA. This Global Theme Issue is coordinated by the Council of Science Editors.
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New system of wastewater treatment could reduce the size of treatment plants by half
08-09-2007 · EurekAlert!
UGR researchers have developed new technologies to obtain cheaper water of higher quality that would also reduce unwanted mud production. Research is particularly interesting if the current drought is taken into account, as well as the lack of space many municipalities have when the number of inhabitants grows, which makes it impossible to enlarge their water treatment plants. Results of this research were recently published in several prestigious scientific journals: Journal of Environmental Science Health, Part A; and Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.
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Global theme issue on poverty and human development
10-22-2007 · EurekAlert!
Four Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. journals are participating in the Global Theme Issue on Poverty and Human Development, a special worldwide publishing event on Oct. 22, 2007, to raise awareness and stimulate dialogue to address poverty and human development. The Council of Science Editors has organized this unique simultaneous publication event with the participation of key journals throughout the world, including those published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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Advance in understanding of blood pressure gene could lead to new treatments
02-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
Research by scientists at UCL (University College London) has clearly demonstrated for the first time the structure and function of a gene crucial to the regulation of blood pressure. The discovery could be important in the search for new treatments for illnesses such as heart disease, the UK's biggest killer. In a paper published online today in Nature Medicine, the team, led by Professor Patrick Vallance and Dr James Leiper, UCL Department of Medicine, reveal the role of the human gene dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), showing that loss of DDAH activity disrupts nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is critical in the regulation of blood pressure, nervous system functions and the immune system. The role of DDAH is to break down modified amino acids (Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA)) that are produced by the body and have been shown to inhibit NO synthase. These molecules accumulate in various disease states including diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary and systemic hypertension, and their concentration in plasma (the fluid component of blood) is strongly predicative of cardiovascular disease and death. In a healthy human body, the majority of ADMA is eliminated through active metabolism by DDAH. Scientists have hypothesised that if DDAH function is impaired, NO production is reduced, and that this could be an important feature of increased cardiovascular risk. To examine this pathway in more detail, the researchers deleted the DDAH gene in mice. These mice went on to develop hypertension, or high blood pressure. They also designed specific inhibitors (small molecules) which bind to the active site of human DDAH. These small molecule inhibitors also induced hypertension in mice, confirming the importance of DDAH in the regulation of blood pressure. Dr Leiper, UCL Medicine, said: “These genetic and chemical approaches to disrupt DDAH showed remarkably consistent results, and provide compelling evidence that loss of DDAH function increases the concentration of ADMA and thereby disrupts vascular NO signalling. “There has been considerable scientific interest in this pathway and the role of ADMA as a novel risk factor, but so far there's been little evidence to support the idea that it's a cause of disease, rather than just a marker. Genes and their pathways are crucial to our understanding of cardiovascular disease and a better understanding of DDAH-1 could lead to important new treatments. “It could help us to establish if genetic variation predisposes certain people to these diseases, or whether environmental factors exert some of their effects through modulation of DDAH activity. “Our research also shows that this pathway could be harnessed therapeutically to limit production of NO in certain situations where too much nitric oxide is a bad thing; for example, hypotension and septic shock. These are some of the biggest problems in intensive care medicine and there is a huge unmet need for drug treatments.” The study, which was carried out at UCL's Rayne Institute, was funded by grants from the British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director of the British Heart Foundation, said: "The unexpected finding in the 1980s that a simple gas, nitric oxide (NO), is made by cells in the blood vessel wall and is a powerful control of blood vessel relaxation led to the award of the Nobel Prize in 1998 to its discoverers. "More recently, there has been increasing evidence that impairment of NO production is likely to be an important factor in the development of heart and circulatory disease, but the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. "This study suggests for the first time that the loss of the activity of the enzyme DDAH-1 leads to reduced NO production and may cause heart and circulatory disease. These findings are likely to be important in the search for new ways to optimise the health of our blood vessels." ### Notes for Editors 1. For more information, please contact Ruth Metcalfe in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 7679 9739, mobile: +44 (0)7990 675 947, out of hours: +44 (0)7917 271 364, e-mail: r.metcalfe@ucl.ac.uk2. 'Disruption of methylarginine metabolism impairs vascular homeostasis' is published in the February issue of the journal Nature Medicine. Advance online publication is embargoed to 18.00 GMT (13.00 US Eastern) Sunday 4 February 2007. Journalists can obtain copies of the paper by contacting the UCL Media Relations Office.3. The study was funded by the British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. About UCL Founded in 1826, UCL was the first English university established after Oxford and Cambridge, the first to admit students regardless of race, class, religion or gender, and the first to provide systematic teaching of law, architecture and medicine. In the government's most recent Research Assessment Exercise, 59 UCL departments achieved top ratings of 5* and 5, indicating research quality of international excellence. UCL is the fourth-ranked UK university in the 2006 league table of the top 500 world universities produced by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. UCL alumni include Mahatma Gandhi (Laws 1889, Indian political and spiritual leader); Jonathan Dimbleby (Philosophy 1969, writer and television presenter); Junichiro Koizumi (Economics 1969, Prime Minister of Japan); Lord Woolf (Laws 1954, Lord Chief Justice of England & Wales); Alexander Graham Bell (Phonetics 1860s, inventor of the telephone), and members of the band Coldplay.
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Cannabinoids produced in the human body have an anti-inflammatory effect
06-07-2007 · EurekAlert!
Endocannabinoids seem to play an important role in regulating inflammation processes. Scientists from the University of Bonn have discovered this in experiments on mice. Their results will be published in the distinguished scientific journal Science on Friday, June 8. The study may also have implications for therapy. In animal experiments, a solution with an important component made from cannabis reduced allergic reactions of the skin.
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Chitin from lobster shell shows great healing and bio-stimulant properties
07-13-2007 · EurekAlert!
Scientists from the University of Havana use lobster waste to generate chitin and chitosan, two key compounds in biomedicine and agriculture. They used these compounds to produce surgical materials with great healing and antiseptic properties as well as to enhance growth speed and germination in seeds. Research results have been published in international research journals such as Macromol, Food Hydrocolloids, Journal of Applied Polymer Science or Polymer Bulletin.
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How fish species suffer as a result of warmer waters
01-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
In order to estimate future changes, it is essential to develop a deeper understanding of the effect of water temperature on the biology of organisms under question. A new investigation, just published in the scientific journal Science, reveals that a warming induced deficiency in oxygen uptake and supply to tissues is the key factor limiting the stock size of a fish species under heat stress.
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Evidence lacking to guide treatment for sudden hearing loss
06-18-2007 · EurekAlert!
Although steroids are the most widely used treatment for sudden hearing loss, little scientific evidence supports their use or that of any other therapies for this condition, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis both published in the June issue of Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
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