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Underground air might cause DNA damage
12-15-2006 · EurekAlert!Our everyday environments are full of airborne particles that are harmful to varying degrees when inhaled. Particularly damaging to our cellular DNA are the particles from the underground system in Stockholm, Sweden, according to a new doctoral thesis from Karolinska Institutet.
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Keywords: underground, air, cause, dna, damage
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- JCI table of contents -- March 1, 2007
03-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
This release contains summaries, links to PDFs, and contact information for the following newsworthy papers to be published March 1, 2007, in the JCI, including: Cells in the lung clear the air to prevent lung damage; What makes good cholesterol so “good” for us?; Genetic mutations cause CoQ10 enzyme deficiency; Natural antibodies in newborns recognize a limited spectrum of proteins; and How aldosterone keeps salt in the body.
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- Evolution of human genome's 'guardian' gives people unique protections from DNA damage
01-16-2008 · EurekAlert!
Evolution has given humans unique protections through the p53 regulatory network -- so-called guardian of the genome -- against DNA damage that could cause cancer or genetic diseases, according to a study led by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center in the Jan. 22 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Rodents do not have these same protections, creating the need for additional considerations when interpreting studies in rodent models.
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- Cells in the lung clear the air to prevent lung damage
03-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
Air pollution and tobacco smoke contain oxidants that when inhaled can cause damage to the lungs and contribute to diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a study that appears in the March issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, identify a new mechanism by which mice are protected against inhaled oxidants.
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- iNOS expression may links chronic biliary inflammation to malignant transformation
12-19-2007 · EurekAlert!
A study by Dr. Kitasato and colleagues demonstrated that cytokine stimulation induced iNOS expression and NO generation, which was sufficient to cause DNA damage in normal hamster gallbladder epithelial cells. These findings suggest that NO-mediated oxidative DNA damage produced by inflammatory cytokines through iNOS expression is involved in an initiation process that links chronic biliary inflammation to malignant transformation.
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- Protein averts cell suicide but might contribute to cancer
03-29-2007 · EurekAlert!
Scientists have discovered how an unusual protein helps a cell bypass damage when making new DNA, thereby averting the cell's self-destruction. But they also discovered that this protein, an enzyme called Dpo4, often makes errors when copying the genomic DNA sequence that later might cause the cell to become cancerous.
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- Novel strategies for healthy aging
03-31-2007 · EurekAlert!
Protein degradation is a major cause of ageing and can be the result of attacks on proteins by other molecules. One of these processes, glycation, involves the attack by sugars on proteins. Protection against glycation declines with age leading to increasing damage with increasing age. A critical enzyme involved in protection against glycation is "Glyoxalase 1." Scientists have shown for the first time that by enhancing levels of glyoxalase I the glycation process can be diminished and life can be extended by up to 40 percent.
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- Faulty cell membrane repair causes heart disease
07-03-2007 · EurekAlert!
During vigorous exercise, heart muscle cells take a beating. In fact, some of those cells rupture and without an efficient repair process those cells would die and cause heart damage (cardiomyopathy). University of Iowa researchers have discovered a specific repair mechanism in heart muscle and identified a protein called dysferlin that is critical for resealing heart muscle cell membranes.
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- New light-sensing ability discovered in disease-causing bacteria
08-23-2007 · EurekAlert!
The bacteria that cause brucellosis can sense light and use the information to regulate their virulence. The discovery comes after 120 years of research into the disease, which causes abortions in livestock and fevers in humans. Researchers found that two other bacteria, including a species that attacks plants, sense light using the same type of protein structure, and at least 94 more species possess the code for it in their DNA.
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- Mixing large doses of both acetaminophen painkiller and caffeine may increase risk of liver damage
09-26-2007 · EurekAlert!
Consuming large amounts of caffeine while taking acetaminophen, a widely used painkiller, could potentially cause liver damage, according to a preliminary laboratory study. The toxic interaction could occur not only from drinking caffeinated beverages while taking the painkiller but also from using large amounts of medications that intentionally combine caffeine and acetaminophen, the researchers say. The report will appear in Chemical Research in Toxicology, a monthly journal of the American Chemical Society.
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- Even minute levels of lead cause brain damage in children
11-20-2007 · EurekAlert!
Even amounts of lead in the blood well below current federal standard are linked to reduced IQ scores in children, finds a new six-year Cornell study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
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