Daily non-political popular news in brief.
How appetite-stimulating brain cells work overtime during fasting
01-02-2007 · EurekAlert!During periods of fasting, brain cells responsible for stimulating the appetite make sure that you stay hungry. Now, a new study of mice reported in the January issue of the journal Cell Metabolism, published by Cell Press, reveals the complex series of molecular events that keep those neurons active.
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Keywords: appetite-stimulating, brain, cells, work, overtime, fasting, appetite, stimulating, cell
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- Chemical compound found in tree bark stimulates growth, survival of brain cells
10-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
Researchers have identified a compound in tree bark that mimics the chemical reactions of a naturally occurring molecule in the brain responsible for stimulating neuronal cell signaling. The tree bark compound, known as gambogic amide, behaves much like Nerve Growth Factor, a molecule found in the brain. NGF binds to TrkA, a neuronal receptor, and activates neuronal signaling. It is known that the loss of TrkA density correlates with neuronal atrophy and severe cognitive impairment such as that associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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- Neural stem cell study reveals mechanism that may play role in cancer
09-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
In the dynamic world of the developing brain, neural stem cells give rise to neurons deep within the brain’s fluid-filled ventricles. These newborn neurons then migrate along the stem cell fibers up to the neocortex, the seat of higher cognitive functions. Now, scientists have discovered a key mechanism of this migration -- one that may also play an important role in other developmental processes and diseases, including cancer.
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- Some antipsychotic drugs may be missing their mark
12-31-2007 · EurekAlert!
Drugs that treat depression and schizophrenia might not be triggering the most appropriate response in brain cells, new research suggests. This study examined the early chemical events that happen when a particular serotonin receptor on brain cells is stimulated by serotonin and by a hallucinogenic agent thought to mimic serotonin. The findings show that although both compounds activate this receptor, they trigger different chemical pathways inside the cell.
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- Stroke victims may benefit from stem cell transplants
01-28-2008 · EurekAlert!
Two studies published in the current issue of Cell Transplantation examine the potential for cell transplants to benefit stroke victims. When injected into animal models and tracked via chemical tags and imaging, mensenchymal stem cells in one study, and bone marrow stromal cells in a second study, migrated within one to two weeks to affected brain areas and became therapeutically active. Both studies suggest that novel stem cell therapies can be developed.
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- Study reveals new, cost-efficient method for creating portable hydrogen fuel cells
06-28-2007 · EurekAlert!
A new paper published in Journal of the American Ceramic Society proposes a new method of producing hydrogen for portable fuel cells. This new method negates the need for the complicated and expensive equipment currently used. With their ability to work steadily for 10-20 times the length of equivalently sized Lithium-ion batteries, portable fuel cells are ideal energy suppliers for devices such as computers, cell phones and hybrid vehicles.
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- New plant study reveals a 'deeply hidden' layer of the transcriptome
12-27-2007 · EurekAlert!
Cells keep a close watch over the transcriptome -- the totality of all parts of the genome that are expressed in any given cell at any given time. Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the University of Missouri-Kansas City teamed up to peel back another layer of transcriptional regulation and gain new insight into how genomes work.
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- Researchers hot on the trail of brain cell degeneration
03-19-2007 · EurekAlert!
A research team headed by Academy Research Fellow Michael Courtney has identified a new molecular pathway in neurons. The pathway is a factor in the degeneration of brain cells, which in turn plays an important role in neurological conditions and diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and stroke.
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- Antidepressants stimulate new nerve cells in adult monkeys, may have implications for humans
05-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
In adult monkeys, an antidepressant treatment has induced new nerve cell growth in the hippocampus, a brain area responsible for learning and memory. A similar process may occur in humans, the research suggests, and may help explain the effectiveness of antidepressant treatments.
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- Modern brains have an ancient core
06-29-2007 · EurekAlert!
Researchers from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory now reveal that the hypothalamus and its hormones are not purely vertebrate inventions, but have their evolutionary roots in marine, worm-like ancestors. In this week's issue of the journal Cell they report that hormone-secreting brain centres are much older than expected and likely evolved from multifunctional cells of the last common ancestor of vertebrates, flies and worms.
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- Brown scientists map structure of DNA-doctoring protein complex
12-06-2006 · EurekAlert!
Mobile DNA, which inserts foreign genes into target cells, is a powerful force in the march of evolution and the spread of disease. Working with the lambda virus and E. coli bacteria, Brown University biologists have solved the structure of a six-protein complex critical to performing this gene-grafting surgery. The technique they developed could be used to reveal the structure of other critical protein complexes, landing the work on the cover of Molecular Cell.
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