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Cells in the lung clear the air to prevent lung damage

Air pollution and tobacco smoke contain oxidants that when inhaled can cause damage to the lungs and contribute to diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a study that appears in the March issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, identify a new mechanism by which mice are protected against inhaled oxidants.

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Keywords: cells, lung, clear, air, prevent, damage, cell

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1. JCI table of contents -- March 1, 2007
   03-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
   This release contains summaries, links to PDFs, and contact information for the following newsworthy papers to be published March 1, 2007, in the JCI, including: Cells in the lung clear the air to prevent lung damage; What makes good cholesterol so “good” for us?; Genetic mutations cause CoQ10 enzyme deficiency; Natural antibodies in newborns recognize a limited spectrum of proteins; and How aldosterone keeps salt in the body.
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2. Other highlights in the May 16 JNCI
   05-15-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Also in the May 16 JNCI is a study linking moderate drinking and renal cell cancer, second cancers in childhood leukemia and lymphoma survivors, a study that finds no connection between clodronate and prostate cancer survival, and a protein that may prevent cancer cells from dying.
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3. Human stem cells delay start of Lou Gehrig's disease in rats
   10-15-2006 · EurekAlert!
   Researchers at Johns Hopkins have shown that transplanting human stem cells into spinal cords of rats bred to duplicate Lou Gehrig's disease delays the start of nerve cell damage typical of the disease and slightly prolongs life. The grafted stem cells develop into nerve cells that make substantial connections with existing nerves and do not themselves succumb to Lou Gehrig's, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study is published in this week's issue of Transplantation.
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4. New Joslin research identifies sirtuin protein instrumental in fat production and metabolism
   08-15-2007 · EurekAlert!
   A new Joslin Diabetes Center-led study has identified a protein found in fat cells that may play a major role in how fat is produced and stored, offering a new target for treatments to prevent obesity and reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes. This latest research appears in the August 2007 issue of Cell Metabolism.
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5. Enzyme alerts cell's powerful army to repair DNA damage
   09-05-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Each day cells detect and repair daily assaults to our DNA. University of Michigan researchers have discovered that a well-known enzyme scans genes for damage and alerts the major cancer suppressor protein p53. The finding has implications for treating cancer and neurological diseases.
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6. Epilepsy-induced brain cell damage prevented in the laboratory
   10-29-2007 · EurekAlert!
   For some epilepsy patients, the condition's side effects can be as troubling as the seizures. One pressing concern is potential cognitive impairment from seizures, which can include memory loss, slowed reactions and reduced attention spans. Now researchers have linked such cognitive impairments to structural changes in brain cells caused by seizures. They report that the insights they gained allowed them to use a drug to block those changes in the brains of laboratory animals.
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7. Where broken DNA is repaired
   08-02-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Intricate DNA repair mechanisms in cell nuclei are constantly working to fix damaged DNA, but for mammalian cells, exactly where the repair work happens has been an unanswered question. By comparing computer models of damaged human DNA with microscopic images of radiation-induced damage in human cells, researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and their colleagues have found evidence for specific regions where broken DNA is concentrated for repair.
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8. Severe heart attack damage limited by hydrogen sulfide
   09-18-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Heart attacks and even surgery can cause severe heart-tissue and cell damage due to oxygen deprivation. A new study finds that hydrogen sulfide can prevent such damage after blood flow is restored.
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9. Adult stem cell heart attack study updated at American Society for Hematology Meeting
   12-11-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Doctors are using patients' own bone marrow stem cells (progenitor cells) to treat the damage to cardiac muscle after a heart attack in a study at Emory University School of Medicine. The study investigators will update their colleagues on its progress at the American Society of Hematology meeting in Atlanta next week.
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10. UVA researchers explain cell response to skin-damaging UV rays
    10-01-2007 · EurekAlert!
    Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have published a new study that helps scientists around the world expand the body of knowledge on how cells protect themselves (or not) from DNA damage caused by UV rays. Their study reveals part of a 'simple switch' mechanism inside cells, triggered by UV exposure from the sun, that helps our cells survive and thrive after being exposed. This mechanism involves an unanticipated connection between several proteins in the cell, the researchers discovered.
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