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Youth's attitudes about women's roles influenced by many family factors

By the time they are adults, men and women have distinctive attitudes about the roles women should play in society, but little is known about how these views develop. A Penn State study tracked youth's attitudes for most of the school age and adolescent years and found varying patterns of change according to gender, birth order, parent's influences and other factors.

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Keywords: youth, attitudes, women, roles, influenced, many, family, factors, attitude, role, factor

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1. Young people's development of attitudes about gender reflect family characteristics
   05-17-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Findings from the first longitudinal study to track the development of young people's attitudes about gender have demonstrated that there is no single course of gender attitude development. Change patterns in gender attitude development and "traditionality" of attitudes differed by gender, birth order, gender of sibling and parental influence. These findings explain why, as attitudes about gender roles become less traditional in society overall, some individuals remain conservative about the roles of women and men.
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2. Down syndrome: It's not just the age factor
   10-12-2006 · EurekAlert!
   Whether or not a pregnant woman will give birth to a child with Down syndrome is not simply a matter of how old she is. Although it is a fact that as women get older, they are more likely to have a child with Down syndrome, other factors also play a role. The research is published in Springer's journal Naturwissenschaften this week.
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3. First comprehensive national survey charts sexual behavior among older adults
   08-22-2007 · EurekAlert!
   The first comprehensive national survey of sexual attitudes, behaviors and problems among older adults in the United States has found that most people ages 57 to 85 think of sexuality as an important part of life, that many men and women remain sexually active well into their 70s and 80s, and that sexual activity was closely tied to overall health, which was even more important than age.
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4. Grandparents play role in driving Chinese expansion
   10-19-2006 · EurekAlert!
   In China, when working-age adults migrate, leaving the elderly to care for their children, it occupies a culturally sanctioned role within the family and also helps to fuel the Chinese economy. A new USC study has found that grandparents living in three-generation households or with grandchildren in skipped-generation households in rural China have a more positive attitude than those living by themselves.
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5. Reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors when discontinuing hormone replacement therapy
   05-15-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can reduce many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, but many women have stopped using HRT due to reports that HRT may increase the risk of breast cancer and heart disease. In a study published in the June issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health examined whether the increased CVD risk from stopping HRT could be minimized by lifestyle change intervention.
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6. Advance in understanding of blood pressure gene could lead to new treatments
   02-04-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Research by scientists at UCL (University College London) has clearly demonstrated for the first time the structure and function of a gene crucial to the regulation of blood pressure. The discovery could be important in the search for new treatments for illnesses such as heart disease, the UK's biggest killer. In a paper published online today in Nature Medicine, the team, led by Professor Patrick Vallance and Dr James Leiper, UCL Department of Medicine, reveal the role of the human gene dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), showing that loss of DDAH activity disrupts nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is critical in the regulation of blood pressure, nervous system functions and the immune system. The role of DDAH is to break down modified amino acids (Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA)) that are produced by the body and have been shown to inhibit NO synthase. These molecules accumulate in various disease states including diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary and systemic hypertension, and their concentration in plasma (the fluid component of blood) is strongly predicative of cardiovascular disease and death. In a healthy human body, the majority of ADMA is eliminated through active metabolism by DDAH. Scientists have hypothesised that if DDAH function is impaired, NO production is reduced, and that this could be an important feature of increased cardiovascular risk. To examine this pathway in more detail, the researchers deleted the DDAH gene in mice. These mice went on to develop hypertension, or high blood pressure. They also designed specific inhibitors (small molecules) which bind to the active site of human DDAH. These small molecule inhibitors also induced hypertension in mice, confirming the importance of DDAH in the regulation of blood pressure. Dr Leiper, UCL Medicine, said: “These genetic and chemical approaches to disrupt DDAH showed remarkably consistent results, and provide compelling evidence that loss of DDAH function increases the concentration of ADMA and thereby disrupts vascular NO signalling. “There has been considerable scientific interest in this pathway and the role of ADMA as a novel risk factor, but so far there's been little evidence to support the idea that it's a cause of disease, rather than just a marker. Genes and their pathways are crucial to our understanding of cardiovascular disease and a better understanding of DDAH-1 could lead to important new treatments. “It could help us to establish if genetic variation predisposes certain people to these diseases, or whether environmental factors exert some of their effects through modulation of DDAH activity. “Our research also shows that this pathway could be harnessed therapeutically to limit production of NO in certain situations where too much nitric oxide is a bad thing; for example, hypotension and septic shock. These are some of the biggest problems in intensive care medicine and there is a huge unmet need for drug treatments.” The study, which was carried out at UCL's Rayne Institute, was funded by grants from the British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director of the British Heart Foundation, said: "The unexpected finding in the 1980s that a simple gas, nitric oxide (NO), is made by cells in the blood vessel wall and is a powerful control of blood vessel relaxation led to the award of the Nobel Prize in 1998 to its discoverers. "More recently, there has been increasing evidence that impairment of NO production is likely to be an important factor in the development of heart and circulatory disease, but the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. "This study suggests for the first time that the loss of the activity of the enzyme DDAH-1 leads to reduced NO production and may cause heart and circulatory disease. These findings are likely to be important in the search for new ways to optimise the health of our blood vessels." ### Notes for Editors 1. For more information, please contact Ruth Metcalfe in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 7679 9739, mobile: +44 (0)7990 675 947, out of hours: +44 (0)7917 271 364, e-mail: r.metcalfe@ucl.ac.uk2. 'Disruption of methylarginine metabolism impairs vascular homeostasis' is published in the February issue of the journal Nature Medicine. Advance online publication is embargoed to 18.00 GMT (13.00 US Eastern) Sunday 4 February 2007. Journalists can obtain copies of the paper by contacting the UCL Media Relations Office.3. The study was funded by the British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. About UCL Founded in 1826, UCL was the first English university established after Oxford and Cambridge, the first to admit students regardless of race, class, religion or gender, and the first to provide systematic teaching of law, architecture and medicine. In the government's most recent Research Assessment Exercise, 59 UCL departments achieved top ratings of 5* and 5, indicating research quality of international excellence. UCL is the fourth-ranked UK university in the 2006 league table of the top 500 world universities produced by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. UCL alumni include Mahatma Gandhi (Laws 1889, Indian political and spiritual leader); Jonathan Dimbleby (Philosophy 1969, writer and television presenter); Junichiro Koizumi (Economics 1969, Prime Minister of Japan); Lord Woolf (Laws 1954, Lord Chief Justice of England & Wales); Alexander Graham Bell (Phonetics 1860s, inventor of the telephone), and members of the band Coldplay.
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7. Differing attitudes found between women and doctors concerning menstrual suppression
   10-03-2007 · EurekAlert!
   More than the two thirds of the women in a national survey say that they are interested in suppressing their menstrual periods but many of them aren't sure if it's safe. Yet when physicians are polled, 97 percent say that continuous oral contraceptive therapy to suppress menstruation is, in fact, medically safe and acceptable.
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8. Role of TRPM8 in the development of prostate cancer
   05-17-2007 · EurekAlert!
   In normal prostate epithelium, cells coexist in many stages of development-differentiation, and disrupted differentiation and proliferation are major causes of cancer. A new study shows that the endoplasmic reticulum protein TRPM8 (ER-TRPM8) present in human prostate epithelial luminal cancer cells retains it’s function as a calcium release channel, independent of the differentiation state of the cell, and may be an important factor in controlling the growth of prostate cancer cells.
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9. Studies explore lifestyle choices and heart risks
   03-24-2007 · EurekAlert!
   Genetics and family history play a large role in a person’s risk for heart disease, but factors in diet, lifestyle and the environment are also thought to influence susceptibility to the disease. A number of studies presented today at the American College of Cardiology’s 56th Annual Scientific Session look at how health-related behaviors can influence a person’s risk for cardiovascular disease.
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10. Extended family ties influenced evacuation decisions during Hurricane Katrina
    04-27-2007 · EurekAlert!
    Previous research has shown that minorities have particularly cohesive extended family ties. For this study, researchers interviewed 58 randomly selected evacuees -- mostly low-income African Americans -- who relocated from New Orleans to Houston in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. The researchers found that the evacuees' strong family ties had a profound influence on factors affecting evacuation, including transportation decisions, access to shelter and how they perceived evacuation messages. These ties both facilitated and hindered their evacuation.
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